Laser Crystals
Laser crystals are solid-state materials that are used as the active medium in laser systems. They are typically made of a host material doped with small amounts of a specific rare earth, transition metal or other element that can amplify light. The doping elements used in laser crystals are chosen based on their ability to absorb and emit light at specific wavelengths, making them ideal for laser applications.
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| Part Number | LC-YVO4 | Part Number | LC-GdVO4 | Part Number | LC-YAG | Part Number | LC-Ti-Sapphire |
| Crystal Structure | Zircon Tetragonal | Crystal Structure | Tetragonal | Crystal Structure | Cubic | Chemical Formula | Ti3+:Al2O3 |
| Cell Parameter | a=b=7.1193A°, c=6.2892A° | Space Group | I41/amd | Lattice Constant | 12.01Ao | Crystal Structure | Hexagonal |
| Density | 4.22g/cm3 | Lattice Parameter | a = 0.721nm, b = 0.635nm | Melting Point | 1970oC | Lattice Constants | a = 4.758A°, c = 12.991A° |
| Atomic Density | 1.26 x 1020 atoms/cm3 | Lasing Transition | 4F3/2 → 4I11/2 | Density | 4.5g/cm3 | Density | 3.98g/cm3 |
| Mohs Hardness | 4-5 (Glass-like) | Lasing Wavelength | 1062.9nm | Reflectivity | 1.82 | Melting Point | 2040°C |
| Thermal Expansion Coefficient (300K) | αa = 4.43 x 10-6/K αc = 11.37 x 10-6/K | Emission Cross Section (at 1064nm) | 7.6 x 10-19cm2 | Thermal Expansion Coefficient | 7.8 x 10-6 /K <111>, 0-250°C | Mohs Hardness | 9 |
| Thermal Conductivity Coefficient (300K) | //C: 0.0523W/cm/K ⟘C: 0.0510W/cm/K | Absorption Cross Section (at 808nm) | 4.9 x 10-19cm2 | Thermal Conductivity (W/m/K) | 14, 20°C 10.5, 100°C | Thermal Conductivity | 52W/m/k |
| Lasing Wavelength | 1064nm, 1342nm | Absorption Coefficient (at 808nm) | 74cm-1 | Mohs Hardness | 8.5 | Specific Heat | 0.42J/g/K |
| Thermal Optical Coefficient (300K) | dno/dT = 8.5 x 10-6/K dne/dT = 2.9 x 10-6/K | Index of Refractivity (at 1064nm) | no = 1.972, ne = 2.192 | Stimulated Emission Cross Section | 2.8 x 10-19cm-2 | Laser Action | 4-Level Vibronic |
| Stimulated Emission Cross-section | 25 x 10-19cm2 @ 1064nm | Thermal Conductivity (<110>) | 11.7W/m/K | Relaxation Time of Terminal Lasing Level | 30ns | Fluorescence Lifetime | 3.2μs (T=300K) |
| Fluorescent Lifetime | 90μs (1% Nd doped) | Density | 5.47g/cm3 | Radiative Lifetime | 550μs | Tuning Range | 660-1050nm |
| Absorption Coefficient | 31.4cm-1 @ 810nm | Nd Dopant Level (atomic) | 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7%, 1.0%... | Spontaneous Fluorescence | 230μs | Absorption Range | 400-600nm |
| Intrinsic Loss | 0.02cm-1 @ 1064nm | Linewidth | 0.6nm | Emission Peak | 795nm | ||
| Gain Bandwidth | 0.96nm @ 1064nm | Loss Coefficient | 0.003cm-1 @ 1064nm | Absorption Peak | 488nm | ||
| Polarized Baser Emission | π polarization; parallel to optical axis (c-axis) | Refractive Index | 1.76 @ 800nm | ||||
| Diode Pumped Optical To Optical Efficiency | >60% | Peak Cross-Section | 3~4 x 10-19cm2 | ||||
| Sellmeier Equations (λ in μm) | no2 = 3.77834 + 0.069736/(λ2- 0.04724) – 0.010813λ2 ne2 = 4.59905 + 0.110534/(λ2- 0.04813) – 0.012676λ2 | Thermal Expansion | 8.40 x 10-6/°C | ||||
Crystal | Nd:GdVO4 | Nd:YVO4 | ||
Crystal Structure, Space Group | Tetragonal, I41/amd | Tetragonal, I41/amd | ||
Lattice Constants (nm) | a: | 0.721 | a: | 0.721 |
b: | 0.635 | b: | 0.629 | |
Melting Temperature (°C) | 1780 | 1825 | ||
Thermal Expansion @ 25°C, x 10-6/°C | A | 1.5 | a | 4.43 |
B | 7.3 | b | 11.4 | |
Specific Heat @ 25°C, cal/mol·K | 32.6 | 24.6 | ||
dn/dT, x 10-6/°C | 4.7 | 2.7 | ||
Crystal | Nd:YVO4 | Nd:GdVO4 | Nd:YAG |
Laser Wavelengths | 1064.3nm, 1342.0nm | 1062.9nm, 1340nm | 1064.2nm, 1338.2nm |
Emission Bandwidth (linewidth at 1064nm) | 0.8nm | No data | 0.45nm |
Effective Laser Cross Section (emission cross section at 1064nm) | 15.6 x 10-19cm2 | 7.6 x 10-19cm2 | 6.5 x 10-19cm2 |
Polarization | Parallel to c-axis | Parallel to c-axis | Unpolarised |
Radioactive Lifetime (microseconds) at 1% Nd Doping | ~100μs | ~95μs | 230μs |
Pump Wavelength | 808.5nm | 808.4nm | 807.5nm |
Peak Pump Absorption at 1% Doping | ~41cm-1 | ~57cm-1 | |
Thermal Conductivity, W/m/K | 5.1 | 11.7 | 14 |
Doping Concentration Range | 0.1-3.0% | 0.1-3.0% | 0.1-2.0% |